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- Psychology
- Why IQ tests don't test intelligence
-
- The task of trying to quantify a personÆs intelligence has been a goal
- of psychologists since before the beginning of this century. The
- Binet-Simon scales were first proposed in 1905 in Paris, France and
- various sorts of tests have been evolving ever since. One of the
- important questions that always comes up regarding these tools is what
- are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a personÆs
- intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or
- just some arbitrary quantity of the personÆs IQ? When examining the
- situations around which these tests are given and the content of the
- tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may
- be for standardizing a groupÆs intellectual ability, they are not a good
- indicator of intelligence.
-
- To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be
- the same for everyone involved. If anything has been learned from the
- psychology of perception, it is clear that a personÆs environment has a
- great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light
- flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the
- temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the
- worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a personÆs mind,
- it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyoneÆs
- body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it
- expected to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because
- of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of
- their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be
- viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a personÆs
- intelligence.
-
- It is obvious that a personÆs intelligence stems from a variety of
- traits. A few of these that are often tested are reading comprehension,
- vocabulary, and spatial relations. But this is not all that goes into
- it. What about physical intelligence, conversational intelligence,
- social intelligence, survival intelligence, and the slew of others that
- go into everyday life? Why are these important traits not figured into
- intelligence tests? Granted, normal standardized tests certainly get
- predictable results where academics are concerned, but they should not
- be considered good indicators of general intelligence because of the
- glaring omissions they make in the testing process. To really gauge a
- personÆs intelligence, it would be necessary to put them through a
- rigorous set of real-life trials and document their performance.
- Otherwise the standardized IQ tests of today are testing an extremely
- limited quality of a personÆs character that can hardly be referred to
- as intelligence.
-
- For the sake of brevity, I will quickly mention a few other common
- criticisms of modern IQ tests. They have no way to compensate for
- cultural differences. People use different methods to solve problems.
- PeopleÆs reading strategies differ. Speed is not always the best way to
- tackle a problem. There is often too much emphasis placed on
- vocabulary. Each of these points warrants individual treatment, and for
- more information refer to The Triarchic Mind by RJ Sternberg (Penguin
- Books, 1988, p18-36).
-
- It is possible to classify all the reasons that IQ tests fail at their
- task into two main groups. The first grouping is where the tests assume
- too much. Examples of this flaw are the assumption that speed is always
- good, vocabulary is a good indicator of intelligence, and that different
- test taking environments wonÆt affect the outcome. The second grouping
- comes because the tests gauge the wrong items. Examples of this are
- different culture groups being asked to take the same tests as everyone
- else, and the fact that the tests ignore so many types of intelligence
- (like physical, social, etc). These two groupings illustrate where the
- major failings of popular IQ tests occur and can be used as tools for
- judging others.
-
- IQ tests are not good indicators for a personÆs overall intelligence,
- but as their use has shown, they are extremely helpful in making
- predictions about how a person will perform in an academic setting.
- Perhaps the problem comes in the name intelligence tests when it is
- obvious this is not what they really are. The modern IQ test definitely
- has its applications in todayÆs society but should be be used to
- quantify a personÆs overall intelligence by any means.